Exploring Trends on Automation of Construction Processes: Extent and Enablers in Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigates the extent and enablers of automation of construction processes in Nigeria with a view to improving project performance in developing economies. Despite increasing global adoption of automation technologies, there remains a lack of empirical quantification of automation levels in developing countries. Adopting a positivist paradigm and quantitative research design, data were collected from 198 built environment professionals across Lagos and Abuja using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools, including mean score analysis, t-test, and ANOVA, were employed. Findings reveal that automation adoption in the Nigerian construction industry is low (MS = 2.194), with relatively higher implementation in the pre-construction phase. Significant regional disparities were observed, with Lagos exhibiting higher automation levels than Abuja. Critical enablers identified include stable electricity, technical expertise, and supportive government policy. The study contributes to knowledge by providing implications for Diffusion of Innovation Theory, Technology Acceptance Model, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and Construction 4.0 through the introduction of environmental feasibility as a key determinant of adoption. Furthermore, a Construction Automation Readiness Framework (CARF) is developed to guide policy and implementation in resource-constrained environments. The findings provide a robust empirical and theoretical foundation for advancing automation in developing economies.