4D BIM for Site Layout and On-Site Logistics (SLOL) Planning: A Case Study of Modular Construction

Abstract

Construction site layout and on-site logistics planning (SLOL) is an important task in the pre-construction phase of projects due to its impact on project time, cost, productivity, health and safety. This planning task is challenging using traditional approaches such as 2D drawings or Gantt charts. For example, modular construction requires the handling and installation of large modules on site, which can be complicated on congested sites due to safety and productivity concerns. 4D BIM can address this complexity by simulating the main construction activities, their impact on site layout and their interactions over time to identify issues, bottlenecks and potential room for improvement. This paper presents a case study of adopting 4D BIM for site layout planning and on-site logistics of a modular construction project. In addition, a proposed method is developed from a conceptual framework outlining the process for adopting this approach. Using the widely adopted 4D BIM software packages in the construction industry, Autodesk Navisworks and Synchro 4D Pro, the proposed method was validated, and 4D BIM analysis identified and mitigated different critical issues in this case study, which can improve site layout and logistics management in off-site construction projects. Furthermore, the capabilities of both 4D software packages were compared, and it was found that Navisworks is useful for quick 4D review, clash detection and coordination, while Synchro 4D Pro provides stronger 4D planning, resource management, identification of workspace clashes and task sequencing. This study contributes to the body of knowledge and practice by providing insight into how to adopt 4D BIM for site layout and on-site logistics planning in modular construction through developing a proposed method and analysing it in a case study.