Creating a positive environment in sport and recreation: Insight from qualitative research

Abstract

This qualitative study explored how a caring climate influences the experiences of current and future exercise leaders. Through focus groups, we explored how these leaders plan to or are currently creating caring climates within their domains. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using Dadoose, a thematic coding system, with a structured codebook and hero quotes to highlight key insights. Three major themes emerged: Belonging and Connection; Support, Listening and Accessibility; and Inclusion, Mindfulness and Rapport. Participants emphasized the importance of feeling valued and understood and helped strengthen relationships and foster a more caring environment. They described everyday actions like small talk, collaboration, and one-on-one check-ins as critical attributes for creating a comfortable and psychologically safe environment. Leaders who showed empathy and openness helped athletes feel cared for beyond performance, reinforcing trust and belonging. These findings support existing literature and show how everyday actions and communication contribute to a caring climate. Participants also highlighted strategies such as rotating players for equal participation, encouraging mindfulness, and building rapport through shared experiences. They viewed caring climates as spaces where athletes feel respected, supported, and accepted as whole individuals, not just performers. Overall, this study found that if future sports and exercise leaders use behaviors such as listening, accessibility, and authentic connection, they can build inclusive and supportive environments. By focusing on empathy and intentional communication, leaders can promote confidence, motivation, and a sense of belonging, which are essential for long-term engagement and well-being among all sport participants.